4.14
State Share of Government Outlays
In
Alaska a larger share of government outlays is delivered at the
state level, even after taking into account grants from state
to local government for education, revenue sharing, and other
purposes. This invalidates spending comparisons across states
if local government spending is excluded.
If the relative
shares of spending responsibility in Alaska in 1999 had been the
same as the national average, the state would have spent about
$1.5 billion less, and local governments would have spent about
$1.5 billion more. Even after netting out the Permanent Fund dividend
(in the "other and unallocable" category in the tables
below), the extra concentration of spending at the state level
would have been about $1 billion.
The concentration
at the state level is spread across most spending categories,
with K-12 education, air transportation and highways together
accounting for about $500 million (see table).
The Alaska
Extra State Share is the extra percentage of government outlays
in Alaska coming from the state rather than local sources. For
example, the program most heavily concentrated at the state level
in Alaska compared to other states is AIR TRANSPORTATION. In the
US as a whole, 8% of combined state and local government expenditures
for air transportation were paid by state government. In Alaska
89% were paid by state government. The extra Alaska state share
was 81%, or $118 million.
1999
Alaska Extra State Share of Public Spending
|
| |
Alaska
Extra State Share |
Extra
State Spending
(thousand $) |
| |
|
|
| STATE
TOTAL |
|
$1,560,492 |
| Air
transportation (airports) |
81% |
$118,154 |
| Judicial
and legal |
46% |
$56,129 |
| General
public buildings |
44% |
$24,517 |
| Cash
assistance payments |
43% |
$72,168 |
| Other
and unallocable |
39% |
$558,300 |
| Other
public welfare |
36% |
$44,419 |
| Correction |
32% |
$48,894 |
| Housing
and community development |
25% |
$35,103 |
| Natural
resources |
24% |
$61,834 |
| Elementary
& secondary education |
20% |
$272,453 |
| Miscellaneous
commercial activities |
17% |
$17,335 |
| Protective
inspection and regulation |
17% |
$4,757 |
| Police
protection |
15% |
$26,191 |
| Interest
on general debt |
14% |
$54,707 |
| Libraries |
14% |
$3,160 |
| Highways |
14% |
$101,046 |
| Higher
education |
12% |
$41,536 |
| Other
governmental administration |
11% |
$11,612 |
| Health |
11% |
$17,577 |
| Financial
administration |
7% |
$15,193 |
| Vendor
payments |
2% |
$7,277 |
| Social
insurance administration |
0% |
$33 |
| Parking
facilities |
0% |
$0 |
| Fire
protection |
0% |
$0 |
| Veterans'
services |
0% |
$0 |
| Other
education |
0% |
$0 |
| Parks
and recreation |
-3% |
-$2,559 |
| Sewerage |
-4% |
-$3,003 |
| Solid
waste management |
-12% |
-$6,383 |
| Hospitals |
-15% |
-$13,152 |
| Sea
and inland port facilities |
-26% |
-$6,805 |
The
graph compares the concentration of outlays (state + local government)
in the US as a whole with the concentration in Alaska. We see
that in Alaska, outlays are more concentrated at the state level
in almost all categories. The exceptions are hospitals, sea
and inland port facilities, solid waste management, parks and
recreation, and sewerage. In Alaska outlays for these activities
are more concentrated at the local level.
Ratio
of State to State + Local Government Outlays, 1999
The following tables contain the data used to
calculate the Alaska Extra State Share.
State
and Local Government Direct General Expenditures by
Level of Government: 1998-99
(thousands of dollars)
(includes
operations and capital spending)
|
| Description |
State
and Local |
Alaska
State |
Local |
|
TOTAL
|
$7,131,493 |
$4,543,042 |
$2,588,451 |
| Education services: |
|
|
|
Higher education
|
341,156 |
326,733 |
14,423 |
Elementary & secondary education
|
1,348,354 |
284,059 |
1,064,295 |
Other education
|
53,088 |
53,088 |
0 |
| Libraries |
23,173 |
4,230 |
18,943 |
| |
|
|
|
| Social services and income maintenance: |
|
|
|
Public welfare
|
|
|
|
Cash assistance payments
|
166,763 |
166,763 |
0 |
Vendor payments
|
398,670 |
398,670 |
0 |
Other public welfare
|
123,760 |
117,808 |
5,952 |
Hospitals
|
85,125 |
21,896 |
63,229 |
Health
|
165,287 |
103,839 |
61,448 |
| Social insurance administration
|
24,692 |
24,692 |
0 |
| Veterans' services |
35,673 |
35,673 |
0 |
| |
|
|
|
| Transportation: |
|
|
|
Highways
|
748,166 |
553,416 |
194,750 |
Air transportation (airports)
|
145,928 |
129,861 |
16,067 |
Parking facilities
|
3,055 |
0 |
3,055 |
Sea and inland port facilities
|
26,196 |
0 |
26,196 |
Transit subsidies
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
| |
|
|
|
| Public safety: |
|
|
|
Police protection
|
177,696 |
52,196 |
125,500 |
Fire protection
|
63,126 |
0 |
63,126 |
Correction
|
154,514 |
153,161 |
1,353 |
Protective inspection and regulation
|
27,708 |
22,298 |
5,410 |
| |
|
|
|
| Environment and housing: |
|
|
|
Natural resources
|
257,337 |
253,808 |
3,529 |
Parks and recreation
|
73,820 |
9,557 |
64,263 |
Housing and community development
|
139,295 |
48,271 |
91,024 |
Sewerage
|
71,835 |
0 |
71,835 |
Solid waste management
|
52,390 |
0 |
52,390 |
| |
|
|
|
| Governmental administration: |
|
|
|
Financial administration
|
202,671 |
128,102 |
74,569 |
Judicial and legal
|
122,304 |
111,132 |
11,172 |
General public buildings
|
56,062 |
39,372 |
16,690 |
Other governmental administration
|
101,859 |
35,168 |
66,691 |
Interest on general debt
|
395,156 |
217,867 |
177,289 |
| |
|
|
|
| General expenditure, n.e.c. |
|
|
|
Miscellaneous commercial activities
|
100,444 |
100,444 |
0 |
Other and unallocable
|
1,446,190 |
1,150,938 |
295,252 |
|
Note: Note: State to local intergovernmental transactions
are shown as part of local spending.
|
|
1999 Alaska
Government Outlays
The Alaska Extra State Share Compared to U.S. Average
(thousand dollars)
|
| |
Alaska:
State Share
|
U.S.
Average: State Share
|
Alaska
|
Alaska
|
| Description |
State/
(State+Local) |
State/
(State+Local) |
Extra
State Share |
Extra
State Spending |
| TOTAL |
|
|
|
$1,560,492 |
| Education services: |
|
|
|
|
Higher education
|
96% |
84% |
12% |
41,536 |
Elementary & secondary education
|
21% |
1% |
20% |
272,453 |
Other education
|
100% |
100% |
0% |
0 |
| Libraries |
18% |
5% |
14% |
3,160 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Social services
and income maintenance: |
|
|
|
Public welfare
|
|
|
|
|
Cash assistance payments
|
100% |
57% |
43% |
72,168 |
Vendor payments
|
100% |
98% |
2% |
7,277 |
Other public welfare
|
95% |
59% |
36% |
44,419 |
Hospitals
|
26% |
41% |
-15% |
-13,152 |
Health
|
63% |
52% |
11% |
17,577 |
| Social insurance
administration |
100% |
100% |
0% |
33 |
| Veterans' services
|
100% |
100% |
0% |
0 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Transportation: |
|
|
|
|
Highways
|
74% |
60% |
14% |
101,046 |
Air transportation (airports)
|
89% |
8% |
81% |
118,154 |
Parking facilities
|
0% |
0% |
0% |
0 |
Sea and inland port facilities
|
0% |
26% |
-26% |
-6,805 |
Transit subsidies
|
|
40% |
-40% |
0 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Public safety: |
|
|
|
|
Police protection
|
29% |
15% |
15% |
26,191 |
Fire protection
|
0% |
0% |
0% |
0 |
Correction
|
99% |
67% |
32% |
48,894 |
Protective inspection and regulation
|
80% |
63% |
17% |
4,757 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Environment and
housing: |
|
|
|
|
Natural resources
|
99% |
75% |
24% |
61,834 |
Parks and recreation
|
13% |
16% |
-3% |
-2,559 |
Housing and community development
|
35% |
9% |
25% |
35,103 |
Sewerage
|
0% |
4% |
-4% |
-3,003 |
Solid waste management
|
0% |
12% |
-12% |
-6,383 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Governmental administration: |
|
|
|
|
Financial administration
|
63% |
56% |
7% |
15,193 |
Judicial and legal
|
91% |
45% |
46% |
56,129 |
General public buildings
|
70% |
26% |
44% |
24,517 |
Other governmental administration
|
35% |
23% |
11% |
11,612 |
Interest on general debt
|
55% |
41% |
14% |
54,707 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| General expenditure,
n.e.c. |
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous commercial activities
|
100% |
83% |
17% |
17,335 |
Other and unallocable
|
80% |
41% |
39% |
558,300 |
|
Note: State to local intergovernmental transactions are
shown as part of local spending.
|
|
