The Institute of Social & Economic Research
Financial
Assistance
provided by:
| Comparisons | |||||
4.7
Historical Trends in Jobs and Wage Rate Compared to U.S. Average
Employment. The concentration of state and local government workers in Alaska has been trending downward compared to the U.S. average and in 2000 was 44 percent above the average.
|
Public
Employment (State and Local) per 10,000 Population
|
|||
|
Year
|
Alaska
|
US
Average
|
Ratio
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1965
|
454
|
358
|
1.27
|
|
1966
|
452
|
378
|
1.20
|
|
1967
|
467
|
386
|
1.21
|
|
1968
|
516
|
396
|
1.30
|
|
1969
|
524
|
404
|
1.30
|
|
1970
|
515
|
420
|
1.23
|
|
1971
|
595
|
427
|
1.39
|
|
1972
|
637
|
442
|
1.44
|
|
1973
|
702
|
456
|
1.54
|
|
1974
|
730
|
467
|
1.56
|
|
1975
|
752
|
476
|
1.58
|
|
1976
|
685
|
475
|
1.44
|
|
1977
|
678
|
495
|
1.37
|
|
1978
|
724
|
492
|
1.47
|
|
1979
|
775
|
498
|
1.56
|
|
1980
|
803
|
488
|
1.65
|
|
1981
|
803
|
476
|
1.69
|
|
1982
|
820
|
468
|
1.75
|
|
1983
|
814
|
465
|
1.75
|
|
1984
|
793
|
472
|
1.68
|
|
1985
|
757
|
443
|
1.71
|
|
1986
|
770
|
492
|
1.57
|
|
1987
|
758
|
497
|
1.53
|
|
1988
|
789
|
505
|
1.56
|
|
1989
|
813
|
518
|
1.57
|
|
1990
|
786
|
526
|
1.49
|
|
1991
|
772
|
523
|
1.48
|
|
1992
|
784
|
524
|
1.50
|
|
1993
|
734
|
521
|
1.41
|
|
1994
|
792
|
534
|
1.48
|
|
1995
|
757
|
536
|
1.41
|
|
1996
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1997
|
747
|
531
|
1.41
|
|
1998
|
720
|
536
|
1.34
|
|
1999
|
780
|
541
|
1.44
|
|
2000
|
770
|
535
|
1.44
|
|
2001
|
|||
|
2002
|
|||
| Source: U.S. Dept of Commerce, Governmental Finances. | |||
The differential is all concentrated at the state level. There are no more local government employees per 10,000 than the U.S. average. (The U.S. Department of Commerce counts some local government employees as state workers.)
| State Employment per 10,000 Population | |||
|
Year
|
Alaska
|
U.S.
Average
|
Ratio
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1965
|
247
|
90
|
2.74
|
|
1966
|
241
|
95
|
2.53
|
|
1967
|
250
|
98
|
2.54
|
|
1968
|
280
|
105
|
2.67
|
|
1969
|
282
|
108
|
2.62
|
|
1970
|
280
|
113
|
2.48
|
|
1971
|
329
|
116
|
2.84
|
|
1972
|
360
|
119
|
3.02
|
|
1973
|
346
|
121
|
2.86
|
|
1974
|
388
|
126
|
3.08
|
|
1975
|
379
|
129
|
2.94
|
|
1976
|
367
|
130
|
2.82
|
|
1977
|
374
|
134
|
2.79
|
|
1978
|
389
|
136
|
2.86
|
|
1979
|
409
|
140
|
2.92
|
|
1980
|
416
|
137
|
3.04
|
|
1981
|
438
|
135
|
3.24
|
|
1982
|
442
|
133
|
3.32
|
|
1983
|
449
|
133
|
3.38
|
|
1984
|
417
|
135
|
3.09
|
|
1985
|
402
|
125
|
3.22
|
|
1986
|
393
|
143
|
2.75
|
|
1987
|
382
|
143
|
2.67
|
|
1988
|
388
|
148
|
2.62
|
|
1989
|
418
|
151
|
2.77
|
|
1990
|
401
|
154
|
2.60
|
|
1991
|
392
|
152
|
2.58
|
|
1992
|
406
|
150
|
2.70
|
|
1993
|
364
|
151
|
2.41
|
|
1994
|
381
|
150
|
2.54
|
|
1995
|
391
|
151
|
2.59
|
|
1996
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1997
|
367
|
149
|
2.46
|
|
1998
|
361
|
147
|
2.45
|
|
1999
|
366
|
148
|
2.47
|
|
2000
|
365
|
145
|
2.52
|
|
2001
|
|||
|
2002
|
|||
| Source: U.S. Dept of Commerce, Governmental Finances. | |||
| Local Employment per 10,000 Population | |||
|
Year
|
Alaska
|
U.S.
Average
|
Ratio
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1965
|
207
|
268
|
.77
|
|
1966
|
211
|
283
|
.75
|
|
1967
|
217
|
287
|
.76
|
|
1968
|
237
|
291
|
.81
|
|
1969
|
242
|
296
|
.82
|
|
1970
|
234
|
306
|
.76
|
|
1971
|
266
|
311
|
.86
|
|
1972
|
278
|
323
|
.86
|
|
1973
|
357
|
355
|
1.01
|
|
1974
|
342
|
342
|
1.00
|
|
1975
|
343
|
347
|
.99
|
|
1976
|
318
|
345
|
.92
|
|
1977
|
304
|
351
|
.87
|
|
1978
|
335
|
356
|
.94
|
|
1979
|
366
|
368
|
1.02
|
|
1980
|
387
|
351
|
1.10
|
|
1981
|
365
|
341
|
1.07
|
|
1982
|
379
|
335
|
1.13
|
|
1983
|
366
|
332
|
1.10
|
|
1984
|
376
|
337
|
1.12
|
|
1985
|
355
|
317
|
1.12
|
|
1986
|
377
|
349
|
1.08
|
|
1987
|
368
|
353
|
1.04
|
|
1988
|
401
|
357
|
1.13
|
|
1989
|
396
|
367
|
1.08
|
|
1990
|
385
|
371
|
1.04
|
|
1991
|
379
|
371
|
1.02
|
|
1992
|
371
|
373
|
.99
|
|
1993
|
369
|
371
|
1.00
|
|
1994
|
410
|
384
|
1.07
|
|
1995
|
366
|
385
|
.95
|
|
1996
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1997
|
380
|
382
|
.99
|
|
1998
|
359
|
389
|
.92
|
|
1999
|
414
|
393
|
1.05
|
|
2000
|
404
|
390
|
1.04
|
|
2001
|
|||
|
2002
|
|||
| Source: U.S. Dept of Commerce, Governmental Finances. | |||
Wage Rates in state and local government in Alaska have been falling compared to the U.S. average. In 2002 the cost-of-living-adjusted wage was 6 percent lower than the U.S. average.
| Public (State and Local) FTE Monthly Wage Rates | |||
|
Year
|
Alaska
COLA Adjusted
|
U.S.
Average
|
Ratio
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1965
|
$487
|
$490
|
.99
|
|
1966
|
$502
|
$515
|
.98
|
|
1967
|
$537
|
$561
|
.96
|
|
1968
|
$569
|
$603
|
.94
|
|
1969
|
$599
|
$644
|
.93
|
|
1970
|
$702
|
$693
|
1.01
|
|
1971
|
$738
|
$725
|
1.02
|
|
1972
|
$770
|
$764
|
1.01
|
|
1973
|
$854
|
$837
|
1.02
|
|
1974
|
$911
|
$894
|
1.02
|
|
1975
|
$1,053
|
$955
|
1.10
|
|
1976
|
$1,113
|
$1,016
|
1.10
|
|
1977
|
$1,166
|
$1,074
|
1.09
|
|
1978
|
$1,240
|
$1,132
|
1.10
|
|
1979
|
$1,295
|
$1,220
|
1.06
|
|
1980
|
$1,552
|
$1,333
|
1.16
|
|
1981
|
$1,757
|
$1,461
|
1.20
|
|
1982
|
$1,912
|
$1,585
|
1.21
|
|
1983
|
$2,069
|
$1,674
|
1.24
|
|
1984
|
$2,217
|
$1,774
|
1.25
|
|
1985
|
$2,473
|
$2,002
|
1.22
|
|
1986
|
$2,385
|
$1,950
|
1.22
|
|
1987
|
$2,496
|
$2,024
|
1.23
|
|
1988
|
$2,788
|
$2,114
|
1.32
|
|
1989
|
$2,653
|
$2,211
|
1.20
|
|
1990
|
$2,758
|
$2,311
|
1.19
|
|
1991
|
$2,718
|
$2,393
|
1.14
|
|
1992
|
$2,671
|
$2,480
|
1.08
|
|
1993
|
$2,860
|
$2,569
|
1.11
|
|
1994
|
$2,978
|
$2,627
|
1.13
|
|
1995
|
$3,007
|
$2,677
|
1.12
|
|
1996
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1997
|
$2,936
|
$2,773
|
1.06
|
|
1998
|
$3,000
|
$2,874
|
1.04
|
|
1999
|
$2,952
|
$2,976
|
.99
|
|
2000
|
$3,062
|
$3,096
|
.99
|
|
2001
|
$3,127
|
$3,203
|
.98
|
|
2002
|
$3,143
|
$3,354
|
.94
|
| Sources: U.S. Dept of Commerce, Governmental Finances, and ISER. FTE is "full-time equivalent" workers. | |||
There is not much difference in the Alaska wage rate differential between state and local government.
| State FTE Monthly Wage Rates | |||
|
Year
|
Alaska
COLA Adjusted
|
US
Average
|
Ratio
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1965
|
$511
|
$485
|
1.05
|
|
1966
|
$547
|
$523
|
1.05
|
|
1967
|
$576
|
$567
|
1.02
|
|
1968
|
$601
|
$603
|
1.00
|
|
1969
|
$647
|
$656
|
.99
|
|
1970
|
$782
|
$700
|
1.12
|
|
1971
|
$809
|
$731
|
1.11
|
|
1972
|
$815
|
$782
|
1.04
|
|
1973
|
$864
|
$843
|
1.03
|
|
1974
|
$922
|
$908
|
1.01
|
|
1975
|
$1,090
|
$967
|
1.13
|
|
1976
|
$1,128
|
$1,034
|
1.09
|
|
1977
|
$1,195
|
$1,103
|
1.08
|
|
1978
|
$1,246
|
$1,174
|
1.06
|
|
1979
|
$1,278
|
$1,259
|
1.01
|
|
1980
|
$1,548
|
$1,379
|
1.12
|
|
1981
|
$1,711
|
$1,512
|
1.13
|
|
1982
|
$1,847
|
$1,631
|
1.13
|
|
1983
|
$1,992
|
$1,716
|
1.16
|
|
1984
|
$2,179
|
$1,830
|
1.19
|
|
1985
|
$2,518
|
$2,116
|
1.19
|
|
1986
|
$2,450
|
$1,979
|
1.24
|
|
1987
|
$2,608
|
$2,090
|
1.25
|
|
1988
|
$2,902
|
$2,175
|
1.33
|
|
1989
|
$2,746
|
$2,277
|
1.31
|
|
1990
|
$2,916
|
$2,365
|
1.23
|
|
1991
|
$2,810
|
$2,464
|
1.14
|
|
1992
|
$2,697
|
$2,542
|
1.06
|
|
1993
|
$3,049
|
$2,644
|
1.15
|
|
1994
|
$2,996
|
$2,723
|
1.10
|
|
1995
|
$3,060
|
$2,751
|
1.11
|
|
1996
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1997
|
$3,086
|
$2,863
|
1.08
|
|
1998
|
$3,142
|
$2,972
|
1.06
|
|
1999
|
$3,203
|
$3,115
|
1.04
|
|
2000
|
$3,273
|
$3,253
|
1.01
|
|
2001
|
$3,264
|
$3,387
|
.96
|
|
2002
|
$3,361
|
$3,514
|
.96
|
|
Sources: U.S. Dept of Commerce, Governmental
Finances, and ISER.
|
|||
| Local FTE Monthly Wage Rates | |||
|
Year
|
Alaska
COLA Adjusted
|
US
Average
|
Ratio
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
1965
|
$473
|
$492
|
.96
|
|
1966
|
$467
|
$512
|
.91
|
|
1967
|
$509
|
$559
|
.91
|
|
1968
|
$549
|
$603
|
.91
|
|
1969
|
$563
|
$639
|
.88
|
|
1970
|
$633
|
$690
|
.92
|
|
1971
|
$698
|
$723
|
.97
|
|
1972
|
$740
|
$758
|
.98
|
|
1973
|
$858
|
$833
|
1.03
|
|
1974
|
$921
|
$889
|
1.04
|
|
1975
|
$1,040
|
$951
|
1.09
|
|
1976
|
$1,123
|
$957
|
1.17
|
|
1977
|
$1,167
|
$1,064
|
1.10
|
|
1978
|
$1,264
|
$1,116
|
1.13
|
|
1979
|
$1,344
|
$1,204
|
1.12
|
|
1980
|
$1,589
|
$1,315
|
1.21
|
|
1981
|
$1,854
|
$1,441
|
1.29
|
|
1982
|
$2,031
|
$1,567
|
1.30
|
|
1983
|
$2,215
|
$1,658
|
1.34
|
|
1984
|
$2,307
|
$1,751
|
1.32
|
|
1985
|
$2,484
|
$1,984
|
1.25
|
|
1986
|
$2,370
|
$1,937
|
1.22
|
|
1987
|
$2,438
|
$1,997
|
1.22
|
|
1988
|
$2,734
|
$2,090
|
1.31
|
|
1989
|
$2,616
|
$2,184
|
1.20
|
|
1990
|
$2,660
|
$2,289
|
1.16
|
|
1991
|
$2,682
|
$2,363
|
1.13
|
|
1992
|
$2,705
|
$2,455
|
1.10
|
|
1993
|
$2,735
|
$2,539
|
1.08
|
|
1994
|
$3,006
|
$2,589
|
1.16
|
|
1995
|
$3,006
|
$2,647
|
1.14
|
|
1996
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
1997
|
$2,849
|
$2,738
|
1.04
|
|
1998
|
$2,921
|
$2,837
|
1.03
|
|
1999
|
$2,762
|
$2,923
|
.94
|
|
2000
|
$2,927
|
$3,038
|
.96
|
|
2001
|
$3,055
|
$3,135
|
.97
|
|
2002
|
$3,000
|
$3,294
|
.91
|
|
Sources: U.S. Dept of Commerce, Governmental
Finances, and ISER.
|
|||
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Institute of Social and Economic
Research, University of Alaska Anchorage
Mailing Address: 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508
Physical Address: 4500 Diplomacy Drive, Suite 501, Anchorage, Alaska
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Page Updated January 6, 2004
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2011, Institute of Social and Economic Research